MAJORS

Anthropology is the study of the origin, the development, and the present characteristics of the peoples of the world. Findings concerning the nature of humanity are developed through the cooperation of specialists in four interdependent subdisciplines:

1. Archaeology, which recovers information concerning societies of the past
2. Biological anthropology, which deals with the evolution of the species and biological variation among living populations
3. Cultural and social anthropology, which studies human behavior in recent and modern societies
4. Linguistics, which studies human languages

Career Opportunities

A major in Anthropology, especially when taken in conjunction with appropriate courses in other disciplines, is useful in securing admission to a variety of graduate and professional schools in the humanities and social sciences and in the healing and helping professions. A major in anthropology can lead to interesting employment opportunities in museum work, archaeology, health and hospital work, administration, welfare, planning, scientific writing, and government. Anthropology is of special value to those who plan careers in government or business involving intercultural or international relationships. A major in Anthropology provides a perspective on the human condition that leads to flexibility and wisdom in handling a wide variety of human problems. The anthropology student's ability to observe situations and to write factual accounts is an asset to almost any career.

Degree Requirements

University Requirements

See the Undergraduate Studies section for requirements that all students must satisfy.

College Requirements

See Degree Requirements, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, in the Undergraduate Studies Section, for requirements that students must satisfy.

Major Requirements

The Anthropology Department offers an undergraduate major leading either to the B.A. or B.S. degree in Anthropology. The Department also offers a major in Anthropology/Law and Society which leads to a B.A. degree. The B.S. program is intended for those planning professional careers in anthropology or in the related fields mentioned above. The B.A. programs are intended for those desiring a broad liberal arts curriculum.

Anthropology Major

The major requirements for the B.A. and B.S. degrees in Anthropology are as follows:

1.  Lower-division requirements (12 units)

a)  ANTH 001, ANTH 002, and either ANTH 003 or ANTH 005
b)  LING 020

Minor

The Department of Anthropology offers a minor in Anthropology which consists of 24 upper-division units and appropriate prerequisites as needed.

The courses are to be selected as follows:

1.  Two upper-division courses (8 units) in cultural anthropology from ANTH 102, ANTH 122, ANTH 124, ANTH 125, ANTH 127, ANTH 131, ANTH 132, or ANTH 162. (ANTH 001 is the normal lower-division prerequisite for these courses.)

2.  Two upper-division courses (8 units) from any one of the following subdisciplinary areas: (These courses normally entail an appropriate lower-division course [4 units] in the given subdiscipline.)

a)  Archaeology
(1)  Prerequisite: ANTH 003 or ANTH 005
(2)  Courses: ANTH 110, ANTH 111, ANTH 114A, ANTH 114B, or ANTH 117B

GRADUATE PROGRAM

The graduate program is designed to provide each student with both basic knowledge of the subdisciplines of anthropology and specialized knowledge within one of the subdisciplines. In connection with seminars and research courses, students are expected to undertake the writing of serious research papers early in their graduate careers. Students should give copies of all completed research papers to the Graduate Secretary for placement in their file as soon as they are completed. These papers, together with other evidence of progress, are evaluated each year by the faculty, and the student is informed in writing of their conclusions. Students are expected to select faculty advisors, subject to approval by the chosen advisor, early in their graduate careers and to work closely with them in planning their programs. Students are free to select new advisers if their interests shift.

Subdisciplinary Requirement. Because the important theoretical concepts of the discipline are dependent upon findings arising in each of the major subdisciplines, students are expected to acquire a basic understanding of three of the four subdisciplines (cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics) early in their graduate careers. One of these three subdisciplines will later become the basis of further specialization.

Upon entrance, each student meets with a diagnostic committee consisting of three faculty members who review the previous training, accomplishments, and research interests of the student. The committee makes recommendations concerning the selection of a faculty advisor (if not yet selected by the student), makes initial suggestions concerning the development of the student's area of research interest, and discusses various means of preparing for the Comprehensive Master's Level Examination. Specific course work and other means of preparation for the Master's examination is assigned in consultation with the student's advisor.

Typically, an advisor would expect a student in the first two to three years of graduate work to register for at least one formal graduate seminar per quarter and for any upper-division course of relevance to the course of graduate study as outlined in the specialty statement filed by the student. The normal expectation is that by the time a graduate student is advanced to candidacy, the student would have taken graduate level seminars from at least three members of the department and would have completed a statistics course at or above the level of STAT 040, offered in the Statistics Department.

Language Requirement. For the Ph.D. degree, the normal expectation is that a student be required to demonstrate at least a reading knowledge in one language other than English. In some cases, a knowledge of two languages is required. No later than the end of the second quarter of graduate status, each student is required to file a Statement of Plan to Fulfill the Language Requirement for the Ph.D. in Anthropology. Competency may be demonstrated by:

1. Placing higher than level 3 in the Language Placement Examination,
2. Receiving a grade of at least "B" in a reading course or level 3 traditional language course, or
3. Obtaining alternative certification in cases where a language examination or course is not available at UCR.

Master's Degree

The M.A. degree is awarded under Graduate Division Plan II. Candidates for the M.A. degree must complete the Basic Requirement and pass a written comprehensive examination prepared by a departmental committee.

Master of Arts in Anthropology and Education

The M.A is offered in cooperation with the Graduate School of Education; see the listing under Education or inquire at either office for further information.

Master of Science Degree

The M.S. degree is awarded under Graduate Division Plan I. Candidates for the M.S. degree must complete 56 units, at least 24 in the 200-series courses; courses for the area of specialization as specified by the department; and an acceptable thesis.

University Requirements

General requirements of the University, such as residence and unit requirements, are found in the Graduate Studies section of this catalog.

General requirements for admission to the University can be found in that section as well. These include a requirement that domestic applicants supply Graduate Record Examination General Test scores (verbal, quantitative, and analytical) scores before they can be admitted.

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Basic contributions of anthropology to the understanding of human behavior and culture and the explanation of similarities and differences among human societies. The relevance of materials drawn from tribal and peasant culture to problems of the modern world. Discussion sections stress the application of anthropological methods to research problems. Credit is awarded for only one of ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H.

ANTH 001H. Honors Cultural Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ANTH 001. Basic contributions of anthropology to the understanding of human behavior and culture and to the explanation of similarities and differences among human societies. The relevance of materials drawn from tribal and peasant cultures to problems of the modern world. Discussion sections stress the application of anthropological methods to research problems. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H.

ANTH 002. Biological Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. A survey of past and contemporary human variation and evolution considered from the perspective of the fossil record, inferences from nonhuman primate biology and social behavior, and the forces of evolution. Credit is awarded for only one of ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H.

ANTH 002H. Honors Biological Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to ANTH 002. A survey of past and contemporary human variation and evolution considered from the perspective of the fossil record, inferences from nonhuman primate biology and social behavior, and the forces of evolution. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H.

ANTH 003. World Prehistory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An examination of the more than three million year culture history of genus Homo and biological antecedents from the beginning of tool-using behavior in the Old World to the rise of complex social and political systems (civilizations) in both the Old and New World.

ANTH 004. World Civilizations. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. A survey of archaeological, anthropological, and historical perspectives relating to the study of the nature, origins, and development of civilizations in both the Old and New World. The history and culture of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mesoamerica (Mexico), and Peru will be emphasized.

ANTH 005. Introduction to Archaeology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. A general introduction to the aims and methods of archaeology, in the field and in the laboratory. World prehistory as revealed by these methods will be briefly surveyed.

ANTH 006. Introduction to World Music. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): none. A survey of people, identity, and music making. Includes listening to music from many cultural contexts. Also covers a variety of scholarly topics in world music. Cross-listed with MUS 006.

ANTH 009. Native American Art. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. This course is a comparative introduction to the material culture and art of Native North America. It will investigate architecture, dress, sculpture and other material objects in the context of divergent pre-Columbian and modern aesthetics and belief systems. Cross-listed with AHS 009.

ANTH 010. Mysteries of the Ancient Maya. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. An introduction to all aspects of the ancient Maya civilization of southern Mexico and Central America. The course will explore Maya origins, political organization, agriculture, art, religion, architecture, hieroglyphic writing, and the unexplained collapse of the civilization.

ANTH 020. Culture, Health and Healing. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Survey of health, disease, curing and nutrition in cross-cultural perspective. Ways in which different cultural groups conceive of disease, health maintenance and healing; how traditional beliefs about health and nutrition arise; what we can and cannot learn from traditional health-seeking practices.

ANTH 027. Art of Pre-Columbian America. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. A survey course intended to provide an up-to-date background to the ancient art of Mexico, Central America, and the Andean region of western South America. The various peoples and art of pre-Columbian America are discussed according to the three broad cultural regions of Mesoamerica, the Intermediate Area (lower Central America and northwestern South America), and the Andean area. Lectures are illustrated with slides of particular sites and important examples of pre-Columbian art. Cross-listed with AHS 027.

ANTH 030. People, Plants, and Animals. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): none. An introduction to anthropological investigations of human uses of biotic resources. The course focuses on management: worldwide comparisons of strategies for domesticating, using, and conserving plants and animals; and worldwide search for better and more sustainable strategies.

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper division standing or consent of instructor. Anthropological approaches to the study of art in traditional non-Western societies. Through specific readings and case studies from four geographic regions (North America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and West Africa), the dynamic role of art in traditional societies is illustrated. Cross-listed with AHS 102.

ANTH 103. Introduction to Visual Anthropology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research and projects, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. An introduction to the rapidly growing field of visual anthropology. Examines the similarities and differences between ethnographic film, critical studies, and written ethnographies. Explores the politics of representing other cultures visually. Cross-listed with FVC 103.

ANTH 104. Human Social Organization. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual consultation as needed, one hour. An introduction to the study of families, clans, castes, classes, bureaucracies, factions, parties and other forms of human organization. Various aspects of recruitment, social control, communication, social ranking, exchange and conflict are discussed.

ANTH 105. Organizations as Cultural Systems. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside reading and written exercises, three hours. The role of culture in the formation and management of complex bureaucratic organizations. Covers types of organizations and organizational cultures, the impact of the cultural environment, and problems posed by rapid cultural change. Cross-listed with BSAD 105.

ANTH 106. Psychological Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual consultation, one hour. Research and theory concerning the relationships of culture and personality, psychological similarities and differences in cross-cultural perspective, culturally standardized cognitive systems; why anthropologists are interested in psychological theory.

ANTH 107. Evolution of the Capacity for Culture. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H or ANTH 003 or relevant preparation in psychology or biology or consent of instructor. An examination of the evolution of the biological and social capacities which have made culture the central attribute of the human species. Topics include the evolution of human diet, tool-making, the family and kinship, and language.

ANTH 109. Women, Politics, and Social Movements: Global Perspectives. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Introduction to "Third World" women's politics. Covers women's politics from a global perspective. Although international in breadth, emphasis is placed on South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Caribbean. Cross-listed with WMST 109. Fulfills either the Humanities or Social Sciences requirement for the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, but not both.

ANTH 110. Prehistoric Agriculture. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A cross-cultural perspective on prehistoric agriculture as resource management, economic system, and political tool. Archaeological methods and theory of reconstructing agricultural systems and their role in prehistoric societies.

ANTH 111. Peopling of the New World. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Consideration of the archaeological, biological, linguistic, and dating evidence documenting the nature and timing of the earliest occupation of the Western Hemisphere by human populations.

ANTH 112. Settlement Patterns and Locational Analysis. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. An archaeological perspective on spatial behavior from architectural design to regional economic systems. Provides an introduction to a broad range of issues and analytical perspectives with an emphasis on theoretical approaches and case studies.

ANTH 114A. Lithic Technology I. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor and either ANTH 003 or ANTH 005. Introduction to the technology of core-and-flake stone tools. Principles of fracture, quarrying, reduction, heat treatment, core technology, and production and use of flaked stone tools in core-and-flake lithic assemblages. Assemblage formation processes and their interpretation.

ANTH 114B. Lithic Technology II. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 114A and consent of instructor. The technology of core-and-blade industries, ground-stone industries, and millstone industries. Percussion- and pressure-blade reduction sequences and strategies, emphasizing quarrying, initial reduction, core production, blade production, and production and use of tools from blades. Technology and production of ground-stone tools, and the quarrying of raw material and production of millstones. Assemblage formation processes and their interpretation.

ANTH 115 (E-Z). Archaeological Interpretations. (4)

For hours and prerequisites, see segment descriptions. Study of the prehistory of different regions of the world. Emphasis on the method and theory underlying archaeological investigations of the nature of man and culture and the course of human development.

ANTH 115E. North American Prehistory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. Interpretation of the archaeological record of North America from initial peopling of the continent to the historic period.

ANTH 115M. Prehistory of California. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A survey of prehistoric cultures of California from the earliest settlement to the historic period.

ANTH 115Q. Great Basin Culture History. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 and either upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Prehistory and ethnography of the Great Basin. Topics include the earliest dated archaeological Lithi-stage manifestations, regional and temporal expressions of the Western Archaic, Formative Anasazi and Fremont developments, and the Numic peoples. Emphasis will be on technology and cultural ecology.

ANTH 115R. Archaeology of Eastern Mesoamerica. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. An introduction to Mayan archaeology intended to provide an overview of ancient Maya cultural history from the Formative period to the time of Spanish contact. During the course, particular Maya sites will be described in detail.

ANTH 115S. Archaeology of Western Mesoamerica. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. An introduction to the archaeology and culture history in the New World nuclear area of Western Mesoamerica from the occupation of this area before 10,000 years ago to the arrival of Spanish Europeans in A.D. 1519.

ANTH 115T. Prehistory of the Southwest. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A survey of prehistoric cultures of the American Southwest from earliest settlement to the historic period.

ANTH 115U. Andean Prehistory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A description of Andean culture history, emphasizing Peru, from the earliest documentation of human occupation to the Spanish conquest of the Inca. Topics include origins of food production, early ceremonial architecture, Paracas textiles, the Nasca lines, Moche iconography and ritual, and Inca architecture. Discussion of major sites and their architecture, ceramics, sculpture, and other archaeological remains.

ANTH 116A. Dating Methods in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A descriptive introduction to Quaternary physical dating methods and their application in archaeology and paleoanthropology.

ANTH 116B. Analytical Methods in Archaeology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. An introduction to archaeometric methods other than dating methods used in archaeology. Focus is on remote sensing, material and chemical analysis, environmental reconstruction, and geoarchaeological methods and issues.

ANTH 117A. History of Old World Archaeology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A review of the intellectual, social, and historical background to the development of prehistoric and historic archaeology of the Old World (Africa and Eurasia), including the historical context to the rise of human paleontological and paleoanthropological studies. Particular attention is given to the evolution of ideas about prehistoric and historic chronology.

ANTH 117B. History of New World Archaeology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. A review of the intellectual, social, and historical background to the development of prehistoric and historic archaeology of the colonial and industrial New World (Western Hemisphere and Oceania). Particular attention is given to the evolution of ideas about prehistoric and historic chronology.

ANTH 118. Origins of Cities. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. Explores new forms of social, economic, and political organization that developed with the advent of cities. Examines case studies of the rise of urbanism in both the Old and New Worlds to investigate how and why cities emerged and consolidated.

ANTH 120. Language and Culture. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): LING 020, or consent of the instructor. Course will cover the interrelationships of language, culture, and habitual behavior; the classification of languages; and anthropological uses of linguistic evidence.

ANTH 121. Anthropological Theories of the Arts. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Anthropological theories of the arts with emphasis on folk and traditional forms. Oral and written literature will be featured, but theories of musical, visual, and other arts will be discussed.

ANTH 122. Economic Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H, ECON 001; or consent of instructor. An approach to the problem of economic development based on the perspectives furnished by anthropological investigations in the less industrialized societies.

ANTH 123. Linguistic Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): LING 020, or consent of the instructor. Course will cover the application of linguistics techniques to studies of other symbolic and social fields, the analysis of semantic systems, and the use of linguistic techniques for prehistory.

ANTH 124. Ritual and Religion. (4)

Lecture, three hours. The elements and forms of religious belief and behavior; functions of ritual in society. Cross-cultural comparisons.

ANTH 125. Kinship Organization. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. An introduction to theories of social organization through consideration of relationships among kin.

ANTH 127. Political Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Examines different overt and covert means by which power and social differentiation are produced, perpetuated, and challenged in societies across the world. Studies the politics of culture, ethnicity, nationalism, and gender.

ANTH 128. Performing Arts of Asia. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of music, dance, theatre, and ritual in four major geocultural regions of Asia: Central, East, South, and Southeast. No western music training is required. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units. Cross-listed with AST 128, DNCE 128, MUS 128, and THEA 176.

ANTH 129. Human Evolutionary Ecology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Application of evolutionary ecological theory to the understanding of human social behavior and culture. Topics include foraging strategies and habitat use and cooperation and competition concerning resources in social groups.

ANTH 130. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Dance. (4)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Course will survey anthropological writings on dance traditions found around the world. With a view to understanding dance from a global perspective, topics covered include dance as an expression of social organization and social change, dance as religious experience, and dance as play/sport. Cross-listed with DNCE 130.

ANTH 131. Applied Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Applies anthropology to current issues such as community development, education, health, public administration, and conflict.

ANTH 132. Cultural Ecology. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Man's relationships to his total environment; strategies for managing the environment and its resources, effects of environment on culture and society, impact of human management on the ecosystem, and ways in which human groups view their surroundings.

ANTH 133. Women in Cross-cultural Perspective. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Concerns women at all times and places. Biological, economic, and ideological influences upon women will be discussed with reference to traditional sex roles, sexual stratification, and women's contributions to the origin and development of human culture.

ANTH 134. Anthropology of Resource Management. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Anthropological approaches to the study of resource use and management in cross-cultural perspective. Issues include conservation, development, sustainability, and common property management. Special attention is paid to management of plant and animal resources in foraging, farming, and fishing societies.

ANTH 135. Nutritional Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Food and nutrition in culture; world problems of malnutrition and nutritional improvement and how anthropology can contribute to their solution; explanations of cultural foodways; development and change of human eating patterns.

ANTH 140 (E-Z). Ethnographic Interpretations. (4)

For hours and prerequisites, see segment descriptions. Study of peoples and cultures in particular areas of the world. Emphasis is placed on ethnological and theoretical problems as these are revealed in the examination of the history, coherent sociocultural patterns, and ecology of specific aboriginal populations and contemporary groups.

ANTH 140E. Ethnology of the Greater Southwest. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An introduction to the many varied native cultures of the Greater Southwest. Major differences as well as similarities in the forms of language, social organization, religion, and material culture occurring in the Greater Southwest will be defined and described. The peoples of the Greater Southwest are considered, not only in terms of the ethnographic present, but also through a diachronic perspective, from the prehistoric past through the Spanish colonial era to the present.

ANTH 140F. California Indian Peoples. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of the life-ways of Indian peoples of California at the time of Euro-American contact, the history and effects of contact, and contemporary conditions.

ANTH 140G. Anthropological Perspectives in Africa. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A number of African cultures are carefully examined in terms of three or four anthropological topics, such as: subsistence patterns, social organization, and religious systems. The treatment of these cultures follows a brief overview of the geography, history, and linguistic patterns of Africa.

ANTH 140-I. Cultures of Southeast Asia. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or equivalent. Anthropological interpretations of culture and society in southeast Asia, including Indonesia; topics include prehistory, ethnic groups, social organization and structure, human ecology, folk and high culture, etc.

ANTH 140J. The Andes, Past and Present. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Provides an overview of Andean society, past and present. Examines the colonial matrix in which Iberian and Andean social, political, and cultural forms came together. Uses ethnographies, indigenous narratives, and film about contemporary Andean society to address issues of class, ethnicity, gender, and the politics of representation.

ANTH 140-O. An Anthropology of Mexicans of the Southwest United States. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Familiarizes students with the content and process of "U.S. Mexican Cultures." Stresses the manner in which Mexican populations have long survived the stresses and strains of transmigration, cultural "bumping," human adaptation, and creating viable cultural systems of survival and expression largely within the U.S. Southwest.

ANTH 140S. The Peoples of Mexico in Historical and Global Perspective. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Survey of the cultures and societies of Mexico in historical and global perspective. Emphasis on agrarian communities and the contributions of Mesoamerican ethnography to general anthropological theory.

ANTH 140T. Agriculture and Rural Society in Mexico: Past and Present. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. The evolution of rural Mexico: from origins of Mesoamerican agriculture to the rise of high civilizations; from the establishment of the colonial system to the demise of colonial agricultural institutions; from the revolution of 1910 to the enactment of land reform and development programs. The role of peasantry in the making of the modern state is emphasized.

ANTH 144. Hunters and Gatherers. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. An overview of hunter-gatherer cultures including a survey of selected ethnographic cases with special emphasis on the relevance of the hunting-gathering way for anthropological theory. Topics will include: subsistence strategies, the organization of bands, and models for prehistoric populations.

ANTH 146. Primate Social Behavior. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H or PSYC 002. A consideration of social organization and behavior in monkeys and apes with emphasis on the adaptive aspects of social patterns and the relevance of primate studies to human evolution. Cross-listed with PSYC 146.

ANTH 149. Gender, Kinship, and Social Change. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): WMST 001. Examines theories of gender and kinship, the formulation of gender hierarchies and their uneven development, and the dynamics of "family" and gender in stratified social formations. Analyzes the relationship between family forms and political and economic processes. Cross-listed with WMST 149.

ANTH 150. Human Micro-evolution. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H; relevant preparation in the life sciences; or consent of instructor. The methods of classical and population genetics applied to the understanding of evolution and variation in contemporary human populations. Cross-listed with HMDV 150.

ANTH 152. Human Paleontology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H or consent of instructor. A consideration of human evolution from the lower primates as evidenced by the fossil record; the morphology, ecology, and culture of fossil humans in the light of the synthetic theory of evolution.

ANTH 155. Human Osteology. (4)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. An in-depth study of the human skeleton, including bone biology, functional morphology, fragment identification, reconstruction, forensic methods, and curation techniques. Useful for anthropologists and those intending careers in medicine, physical therapy, and forensics.

ANTH 156. Advanced Osteology. (4)

Lecture, two hours; discussion, one hour; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 155 or consent of instructor. Further study of the human skeleton, emphasizing applications in anthropological contexts and preparation for professional careers in archaeology, forensics, and paleontology.

ANTH 157. Methods in Biological Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, one hour; outside research, two hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of data collection methods used in biological anthropology in the study of both human and nonhuman primates. Emphasis is on observational methods, but data organization, entry, analysis, and presentation are also discussed. Deals with the research process in biological anthropology from data collection to formal presentation.

ANTH 159. Demographic Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or ANTH 002 or ANTH 002H or ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. Demographic theory and methods applied to problems in cultural, archaeological, and biological anthropology.

ANTH 161. Indigenous People and the State in Latin America. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or consent of instructor. Reviews the historical processes and regional circumstances that have governed relations between indigenous peoples and Latin American states. Studies concepts of nationalism, ethnicity, and the state in the context of indigenous efforts to resist assimilation and to gain limited autonomy. Comparisons are made with the problems and prospects of multiethnic societies worldwide.

ANTH 162. Culture and Medicine. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Interrelations of health, disease and culture; cross-cultural comparisons of "health," "disease" and "curing" concepts; effects of cultural behavior on health and illness. Special focus on traditional societies and their belief systems, and on the effects of cultural change (historical and modern) on illness and curing.

ANTH 163. Transnational and Global Communities. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A critical survey of recent anthropological and related research and theory concerning transnational and global sociocultural processes. Special emphasis on transnational, diasporan, and other unbounded communities; borderlands; and the impact of global media and communication and transnational migration on community and identity.

ANTH 164. Gender and Development in Latin America. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Discusses the role and contribution of Latin American and Caribbean women within their societies. The effects of national economic development policies upon their status and their participation in and integration into the policy-making process are emphasized. Cross-listed with LNST 164 and WMST 164.

ANTH 165. Cognitive Anthropology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual consultation, one hour. The structure of the knowledge of cultural domains; systems of knowledge in different cultures examined in the light of theories of how people learn them, store them, and use them.

ANTH 167. Structural/Descriptive Linguistics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): LING 020 or consent of instructor. An overview, from the original sources, of the contribution of major figures and schools in linguistics from Saussure through early Chomsky. Cross-listed with LING 167.

ANTH 168. Caribbean Culture and Society. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An overview of the Caribbean region from a historical, cultural, and political perspective. Emphasis on contemporary issues affecting the Caribbean, and the struggle of its people to maintain their identities. Cross-listed with ETST 148 and LNST 168. Torres

ANTH 170. Ethnobotany. (4)

Lecture, two hours; seminar, one hour; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 104/BPSC 104, or consent of instructor. Introduces students to ethnobotanical research by reviewing selected ethnobotanical studies. Topics covered by lectures include fundamental principles of ethnobotany, the search for new medicines and other products made from plants, the role of humans in plant evolution, and the impact of plants on human cultures. Discussions focus on the past and present role of humans in plant conservation and the search for sustainable management practices in agriculture and forestry. Seminars by invited guests and enrolled students present selected topics in ethnobotany. Cross-listed with BPSC 170.

ANTH 171. Field Course in Maya Archaeology. (4-12)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three to six hours. Prerequisite(s): either ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 and consent of instructor. Archaeological surveying and excavation, including training in site mapping, use of satellite-based Global Positioning Systems, natural resources surveying, and field laboratory techniques.

ANTH 175A. Anthropological Research: Basic Techniques. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. Includes basic data gathering procedures in anthropological field work such as censuses, maps, surveys and genealogies.

ANTH 175B. Anthropological Research: Specialized Techniques. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Includes ethnographic field techniques such as the aggregation of open-ended data, frame elicitation, componential analysis, collection of quantitative data, behavioral observation, and social-cultural inferences from geographical and spatial distributions.

ANTH 175C. Anthropological Research: Data Presentation. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Includes problems in the collection, analysis, and presentation of data such as strategy and rapport in field work, ethics of field research, theory construction, research problems, bibliographic technique, preparation of research proposals, final data analysis, and the writing of research papers and dissertations.

ANTH 176. Music Cultures of Southeast Asia. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of music, dance, theatre, and ritual in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Designed for the student interested in the performing arts and cultures of mainland and insular Southeast Asia. No Western music background is required. Cross-listed with AST 127, DNCE 127, ETST 172, and MUS 127.

ANTH 177. Music and Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspectives. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An overview of gendered performance genres from a number of cultures. Seeks to familiarize the student with gender-specific music and notions of gender that are often constructed, maintained, transmitted, and transformed through music and performance. Designed for students interested in music, anthropology, and gender studies. Cross-listed with MUS 126 and WMST 126.

ANTH 181 (E-Z). Current Problems in Anthropological Theory. (4)

For hours and prerequisites, see segment descriptions. Different aspects of anthropological theory are emphasized.

ANTH 181E. Ethnobiology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading and book reviews, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 001 or ANTH 001H or equivalent. Methods and theories of ethnobiology, the study of the ways in which people of different cultures use and think about plants and animals. Topics include conservation, biodiversity, traditional ecological knowledge, and changes in use and management over time.

ANTH 181G. Research and Findings in the University. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Within a seminar format, examines the different forms that research and findings take in various disciplines across the University. Includes presentations by faculty from these disciplines. Student work consists of group projects comparing research in two related, but contrasting, disciplines. Credit is awarded for only one of ANTH 181G or HMSS 003.

ANTH 181X. Cognitive Studies. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 120 or ANTH 123 or ANTH 165 or CS 014 or consent of instructor. An exploration of the application of analytic techniques, methods, and tools from computer science and artificial intelligence to problems in cognitive anthropology and related areas.

ANTH 181Z. Classification, Computers and Knowledge. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 120 or ANTH 123 or ANTH 165 or CS 014 or a course in either botany or biology or consent of instructor. Knowledge structures and classification schemes used in plant taxonomy will be studied. Classification or categorization schemes from linguistics and computer science and concept analysis from abstract mathematics will be explored for ideas and techniques potentially applicable to plant classification. Course research projects will develop computing techniques for assisting in plant classification.

ANTH 183. Methods of Archaeological Analysis. (4)

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 or consent of instructor. Description and classification of archaeological materials including laboratory work in cataloging and documentation, methods used in artifact typology and seriation, and the preparation of reports for publication.

ANTH 184. Field Course in Anthropology. (4-16)

Field research, variable. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 175A or consent of the instructor. Study with a qualified professional at selected research sites with on-site supervision. Normally, 16 units will be assigned only when the student is engaged in full-time research at a site distant from UC Riverside. Course may be repeated for credit for up to three quarters with consent of the instructor and approval of a research plan by the department chair.

ANTH 185A. Field Course in Archaeology: Survey and Documentation. (4)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; field, six hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 and either upper-division standing or consent of instructor. The course will train students in field surveying and documentation of historic and aboriginal archaeological sites of many kinds. Students will receive experience in satellite-assisted electronic location; cadastral survey location; Universal Transverse Mercator grid coordinates; field mapping; recording environmental parameters; assemblage characterization; assessing significance; and use of archaeological information centers.

ANTH 185B. Field Course in Archaeology: Excavation. (4)

Lecture, one hour; discussion, one hour; field, six hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003 or ANTH 005 and either upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Lectures and archaeological excavation with training in site mapping, excavation techniques, methods of recording excavation data, field photography, and initial laboratory processing of recovered materials. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 12 units with consent of instructor and approval of a research plan by the Department Chair.

ANTH 186. People and the Environment in Latin America. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An interdisciplinary course focusing on the study of the relationship between human communities and the environment in Latin America. Environmental problems and policies are examined. Cross-listed with LNST 186.

ANTH 190. Special Studies. (1-5)

Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Independent study and research by qualified undergraduate students under supervision of a particular faculty member. With consent of instructor, may be repeated without duplication of credit.

ANTH 195A-ANTH 195B-ANTH 195C. Senior Thesis. (4-4-4) Beginning any quarter

Optional for anthropology majors; open to senior students having a "B" average in their major, with consent of instructor. The final grade will be deferred until completion of the sequence of work.

ANTH 198-I. Internship in Anthropology. (1-12)

Field research, one to sixteen hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Systematic participation by an individual in studies associated with future career(s) development within the context of an anthropological research project directed by a faculty member. To be graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Repeatable for a maximum of 16 units towards graduation.

ANTH 199H. Senior Honors Research. (1-5)

Research, variable. Independent work under the direction of members of the staff. With consent of instructor, may be repeated without duplication of credit.

Lecture, two hours; laboratory, three to six hours; outside research, zero to three hours; field, three to twenty-one hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and consent of instructor. Archaeological survey and excavation, including training in: site mapping; use of Satellite-based Global Positioning Systems; natural resources surveying; and field laboratory techniques. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 36 units with consent of instructor and approval of a research plan by the department chair.

ANTH 214. Lithic Analysis. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours. Prerequisite(s): ANTH 114A, ANTH 114B; or consent of instructor. Characterization, analysis, and interpretation of stone tool assemblages, with emphasis on debitage.

ANTH 218. Ancient Maya History and Religion. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Along with describing major historical figures and religious concepts of the ancient Maya, this course describes the analytic approaches used for the study of ancient Maya writing and art. The pioneering work of the nineteenth century as well as the most recent findings in the ongoing process of decipherment and iconographic interpretation will be discussed. Basic background needed to begin original research and interpretation will be provided.

ANTH 225P. Proseminar in Kinship. (4)

Lecture, one and one-half hours; seminar, one and one-half hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing in Anthropology or consent of instructor. Critical examination of defining works in the development of kinship studies and theories in anthropology. Works will be considered in the context of their theoretical tradition, sources, and responses to antecedent work.

ANTH 250A. Seminar in History and Theory of Anthropology: Beginnings. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Systematic and historical treatment of the people, concepts, and research that have contributed to the development of anthropology. Covers the early history of anthropology, up to the rise of structural-functionalism.

ANTH 250B. Seminar in History and Theory of Anthropology: 1920-1970. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Systematic and historical treatment of the people, concepts, and research that have contributed to the development of anthropology. Covers the period in which much of anthropology was dominated by structural-functionalism, structuralism, and related approaches.

ANTH 250C. Seminar in History and Theory of Anthropology: 1970 to Contemporary Times. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Systematic and historical treatment of the people, concepts, and research that have contributed to the development of anthropology. Surveys contemporary theories in anthropology, especially new ones that have arisen as antitheses to structural and processual models.

ANTH 251. Theory and Method in Mexican Ethnography. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Focuses on the basic issues of theory and method in Mexican ethnography. Major streams of thought framing the substance and approaches of rural and urban ethnographies of Mexico are examined.

ANTH 252. Seminar in Archaeology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Studies in culture history and in the data and methods of archaeological research. May be repeated for credit.

ANTH 253. Seminar in Physical Anthropology. (4)

Seminar, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Selected topics in the analysis of human variation and evolution, the structure of human populations, and the biocultural environments of humans.

ANTH 254. Writing Women: Issues in Feminism(s), Representation, Ethnographic Practice. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examines intersections of power, authority, and representation in the gendered methodologies entailed in the production of anthropological knowledge. A focus on postcolonial and feminist theorizing introduces students to novel debates about ethnographic writing and practices. Text, context, and reflexivity in writing are explored in depth. Cross-listed with WMST 254.

ANTH 255. Field Methods in Ethnomusicology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, one hour; field, two hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. A theoretical and practical introduction to fieldwork in music and performance. Each student focuses on a different performance group and documents its activities. Interviewing, audiotaping, videotaping, transcribing music and dance, and describing performance events are covered. Cross-listed with MUS 255.

ANTH 256. Seminar in Current Anthropological Research. (4)

Seminar, two hours; individual consultation, one hour. The seminar will normally be conducted by an outstanding scholar on a topic of significant anthropological interest arising out of the scholar's particular research.

ANTH 258. Seminar in Dating and Analytical Techniques in Archaeology. (4)

Seminar, two hours; individual consultation, one hour. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. A research seminar devoted to topics in dating and analytical techniques in archaeology involving laboratory instruction and experimental work.

ANTH 259. Seminar in Anthropological Linguistics. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Studies in the concepts, methods and data pertinent to anthropological linguistics.

ANTH 261. Seminar in Social Organization. (4)

Seminar, three hours. An exploration of contemporary anthropological theory concerning kinship, sodalities, age grades, and friendship.

ANTH 263. Seminar in Ecological Anthropology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Selected topics in method and theory of ecological anthropology, including ethnobiology, food production and consumption, development issues, views of the environment, and questions about the relationship of humans to their environments.

ANTH 264. Codices of Ancient Mexico. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. The major manuscripts of the pre-Hispanic and contact periods of Mesoamerica will be reviewed. Special focus will be on the ancient codices of the Maya, Aztec, Mixtec, and the unprovenienced Borgia Group.

ANTH 270. Special Topics in Ethnomusicology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): MUS 207, graduate standing, and/or consent of instructor. Focuses on current scholarship in ethnomusicology and related fields. Theme varies, but emphasis is usually on theory and methodology or the study of particular regions or performance traditions. For further information, see Department. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units. Cross-listed with MUS 270.

ANTH 272. Archaeological Theory and Methods. (4)

Seminar, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. A descriptive and historical survey of conceptual and methodological approaches to the analysis of archaeological materials in both the Old and New Worlds. Topics include archaeological models, unit concepts, and research strategy.

ANTH 276. Seminar on Historical Anthropology: Theories, Methods, and Consequences. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Focuses on the interplay between anthropology and history. Concepts such as "time" and "culture" are framed within the contexts of the European Enlightenment and imperial expansion. Students read critiques of colonialism, gender, and nationalism that suggest creative methodology and theory for both disciplines.

ANTH 277. Seminar in Political Ecology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): a graduate or upper-division undergraduate course in cultural anthropology or consent of instructor. An advanced course focusing on the relationship between political economy and human ecology for the analysis of the interaction between people, natural resources, and the environment.

ANTH 278. Seminar in Representation and the Ethnographic Text. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Critically reviews and analyzes ethnographic texts, both traditional and experimental. Examining ethnographies as a form of writing, the seminar explores the larger intellectual, theoretical, and political context in which production of ethnographies occurs.

ANTH 279. Seminar in Political Anthropology. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Reviewing different forms of stratification and power in society, this seminar critically reviews and analyzes a broad range of materials, debates, and contemporary trends within political anthropology.

ANTH 290. Directed Studies. (1-6)

Independent study by graduate students under supervision of a particular faculty member. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

ANTH 291. Individual Studies in Coordinated Areas. (1-6)

Prerequisite(s): graduate standing. A program of study designed to advise and assist candidates who are preparing for doctoral examination. The following rules apply: 1) a student may take up to 12 units for the Basic Requirements; 2) a student may take up to 8 units for the Comprehensive Requirements. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

ANTH 292. Concurrent Analytical Studies in Anthropology. (1-4)

Each ANTH 292 course will be taken concurrently with some 100-series course, but on an individual basis. It will be devoted to completion of a graduate paper based on research or criticism related to the 100-series course. Faculty guidance and evaluation will be provided throughout the quarter. Course will receive a letter grade. May be repeated with different topic.

ANTH 297. Directed Research. (1-6)

Individual research by graduate students directed by a particular faculty member. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

ANTH 299. Research for Thesis or Dissertation. (1-12)

Field training and directed research in preparation for and completion of doctoral dissertation. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and consent of instructor. Discussion of the bibliography, research techniques, and teaching techniques related to the instruction of anthropology; consideration of how to lead discussion sections and how to relate student experience to anthropological problems. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

ANTH 302. Teaching Practicum. (1-4)

Prerequisite(s): limited to departmental teaching assistants; graduate standing, ANTH 301, or consent of instructor. Supervised teaching in upper- and lower- division Anthropology courses. Required of all teaching assistants. Fulfills teaching portion of Ph.D. teaching requirement. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for credit.