Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introductory study of the ideologies of modern mass movements. Liberal democracy, conservatism, democratic socialism, fascism, and various Marxist perspectives, including Leninism and Maoism, will be covered.

POSC 010. American Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to the principles and practices of government, with special attention to the policy process and selected political issues in the United States. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 010 or POSC 010H.

POSC 010H. Honors American Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): admission to the University Honors Program or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to POSC 010. An introduction to the principles and practices of government, with special attention to the policy process and selected political issues in the United States. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 010 or POSC 010H.

POSC 015. Comparative Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. A comparative analysis of contemporary political systems, practices and institutions. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 015, POSC 016, or POSC 017.

POSC 016. Comparative Politics in Ex-Communist States. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to the political processes and problems confronting former communist states. Topics include dictatorship, democracy, voting, elections, and parties. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 015, POSC 016, or POSC 017.

POSC 017. Politics of the Underdeveloped World. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. An introduction to the political processes and problems confronting third world states. Topics include poverty, violence, dictatorship, civil-military relations, regime transitions, and democracy. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 015, POSC 016, or POSC 017.

POSC 020. World Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Problems of war and peace. The sources of international tension and conflict: imperialism, nationalism, underdevelopment, arms race. Prospects for their resolution: through world law, diplomacy and United Nations. Problems for the future; overpopulation, environmental crisis and the have-have not gap.

POSC 045. Special Seminar in Political Science. (1)

Seminars on special topics in political science. Intensive examination of specific political arenas, utilizing the expertise of prominent political practitioners. Will be offered not more than once a quarter; can be repeated up to four times for credit.

POSC 050. Field Practicums in Political Science. (1)

Practicum, one hour. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Intensive field analysis of major policy arenas. Direct application of political concepts and theories by field visits to local, state and national political sites. Will be offered not more than once a quarter; can be repeated up to four times for credit.

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; individual study, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Analyzes modern presidential leadership and power. Topics include the institutional presidency, presidential selection, and the presidency's relationships with the bureaucracy, Congress, interest groups, the press, and the public. Considers what makes presidents popular and what determines the effectiveness of presidential leadership.

POSC 101. The U.S. Congress. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Analyzes the politics of the contemporary U.S. Congress, with an emphasis on the historical roots of the institution. Topics include representation, elections, parties and leaders, committees, public policy, and the relationships between Congress and the other branches of government.

POSC 110. The Origins of Our Political Ideas. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A study of the major schools of political thought of ancient times. Discusses political philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, and Ashoka.

POSC 111. Democracy and the Social Contract. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A study of the major political philosophers of the social contract and their critics on issues such as individualism versus community, the roles of religion and of markets in politics, and the adequacy of contract theory for women and minorities.

POSC 112. Modern Political Theory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A study of the principal philosophies from the eighteenth century to the present, with attention to issues such as environmentalism, ethnic nationalism, economic freedom, and feminism.

POSC 113. American Political Thought. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A study of developments in American political thought from the seventeenth century to the present.

POSC 114. Theory and Methodology of Political Science. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A discussion of the development and scope of political science as a discipline. A consideration of selected theoretical and methodological issues in contemporary political and social science.

POSC 115H. Honors Seminar on Thucydides. (4)

Seminar, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with minimum GPA of 3.50, or consent of instructor. Emphasizes the political viewpoint of Thucydides within the context of the historical background of his narrative History of the Peloponnesian War. Attention is given to the author's methodological preconceptions; his perceptions of the role of economics in politics and of the practice of politics in Periclean Athens; and his beliefs regarding humans' ability to fashion their own fate.

POSC 116. Political Thought of Socialism. (4)

Lecture, three hours. An examination of the major schools of European socialist thought from the French Revolution to the present. Special attention will be paid to such post-Marxian thinkers as Sorel, Bernstein, Kautsky, and Lenin.

POSC 117H. Heresy and Persecution in the Development of Religious Liberty. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with minimum GPA of 3.50, or consent of instructor. An examination of the interrelationship of Christian theology, persecution, the Reformation, and the development of religious liberty in colonial and early nineteenth-century America.

POSC 118. Ethics in Government. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing, or POSC 010, or consent of instructor. An examination of ethical issues in government, with emphasis on problems of representation in elected and administrative office, questions of political responsibility, and controversies regarding the role and nature of the public interest in government policy making. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 118 or POSC 118H.

POSC 118H. Honors Ethics in Government. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with minimum GPA of 3.50, POSC 010; or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to POSC 118. An examination of ethical issues in government, with emphasis on problems of representation in elected and administrative office, questions of political responsibility, and controversies regarding the role and nature of the public interest in government policy making. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 118 or POSC 118H.

POSC 122. Skepticism and Liberalism. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; one term paper. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing. Explores the origins of the modern way of thinking about politics (i.e., liberalism, in a sense that includes both conservatives and liberals) in the ancient skeptics and in early modern skeptics such as Montaigne, Spinoza, Hume, and Kant.

POSC 123. Conflict Resolution. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, one hour; term paper, two hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of conflict resolution in international relations and domestic conflict. Topics covered include theories of conflict and conflict resolution, negotiation, the role of external powers, mediation, and peacekeeping.

POSC 124. International Relations. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): POSC 020. An in-depth consideration of the major theories of contemporary international relations. Focuses on core issues in international security affairs, such as the causes of war and peace, cooperation and conflict, alliances, perception and misperception, ethnic conflict, and the link between democracy and war.

POSC 125. United States Foreign Policy Since World War II. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey and evaluation of the major developments in U.S. foreign policy from 1945 to the present. Focuses on relations with the Soviet Union, its successor states, and the Third World, within which the uses of force and diplomacy are emphasized.

POSC 126. The Politics of International Trade, Finance, and Development. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 020. A study of the interaction between international economics and world politics. Focuses on the post-World War II period and covers the evolution of the institutions governing world trade; the role of multinational corporations; Third World debt and development; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union; economic reform in postcommunist societies; and the relationship between trade and the environment.

POSC 127. International Environmental Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; written work, one hour. Prerequisite(s): POSC 020. Introduces the study and practice of international environmental politics. Familiarizes students with major developments in the evolution of international environmental law and policy. Topics covered include ozone depletion, acid rain, marine pollution and whaling, tropical deforestation, overpopulation, and the impact of environmental degradation on the politics of sub-Saharan Africa.

POSC 128. Comparative Foreign Policy. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; one term paper. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing. Compares foreign policies of the United States and the Soviet Union with special attention to the influence of historical, political, ideological, and systemic factors on their international behavior. Close attention paid to their use of military and economic instruments in their relationship with various actors.

POSC 129. The Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing. Introduces students to the politics of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. Topics covered include why states develop such weapons and whether possession of them increases or decreases the likelihood of war. Also covered are international efforts to stop weapons proliferation, and specific cases of proliferation such as those in India, and Pakistan, North Korea, Iraq, and Iran.

POSC 130. Politics and Economics of the Pacific Rim. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Provides students with a broad understanding of the politics and economics of countries that border the Pacific Rim, including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and China, and of their relationship to the United States. The major issues addressed include economic growth, sociopolitical development, trade, and interdependence.

POSC 141. Politics and American Writers. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. An examination of the ways that creative writers in the United States have sought to direct or to influence thought and expression about our common national life and political destiny. Novelists and poets from the classical period to the present will be studied.

POSC 142 (E-Z). Simulation Laboratory. (2-4)

Participation in and analysis of laboratory models of complex political systems.

POSC142L. The United Nations. (2)

Lecture, two hours. Examination of the structure and functioning of the United Nations with major emphasis on the principal organs (Security Council, General Assembly), ECOSOC, the Trusteeship Council and the leading committees. The course will examine theories on the pacific settlement of disputes, collective security and functionalism. The focus will be on the United Nations as a living, contemporary political institution.

POSC 142M. Model U.N.-Country Studies (Simulation). (2)

Simulation, two hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 142L. An intensive study of the foreign policy of two selected countries, normally one developed and one undeveloped country, conducted through lectures, discussion, and simulations of their foreign policies being projected in the arena of the United Nations. Can be repeated twice for a total of 6 units.

POSC 143. Elections and Political Participation. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. An examination of political behavior in the United States with emphasis on political participation and voting behavior.

POSC 145. Money in American Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper and extra reading, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 010 or POSC 010H or consent of instructor. Analyzes the role of money in federal elections and in the formulation of public policy. Examines the contemporary role of parties in raising and spending campaign money, the recent explosion of "soft money" in congressional and presidential elections, and the effect of campaign spending on electoral outcomes. Explores how campaign contributions influence public policy.

POSC 146. Mass Media and Public Opinion. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper and reading, one hour. Analysis of public opinion--character, sources, and functions--and especially its relationship to mass media. Particular attention will be devoted to the role and importance of television in American politics. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 146 or POSC 146H.

POSC 146H. Honors Mass Media and Public Opinion. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with minimum GPA of 3.50, or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to POSC 146. Analysis of public opinion-character, sources, and functions--and especially its relationship to mass media. Particular attention is devoted to the role and importance of television in American politics. Credit is awarded for only one of POSC 146 or POSC 146H.

POSC 148. Politics of Congressional Elections. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; two term papers. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing, POSC 010, or consent of instructor. An introduction to the politics of congressional elections. Topics include campaigning for congress, strategic behavior in the decision to run for election, incumbency, and money in congressional elections.

POSC 149. Presidential Elections. (4)

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing. Investigation of presidential elections using computer simulation of presidential popularity, public opinion polling, presidential primaries, and the presidential general election. In addition, students use National Election Study data to explore individual-level voter decision making.

POSC 151. British Government and Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours. A study of constitutional principles and of contemporary government and politics, primarily in the United Kingdom but with some attention to overseas diffusion of the Westminster model of government.

POSC 152. Politics of the Middle East. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. The domestic policies and international relations of the contemporary states of the Middle East. Includes analysis of the politics of various transnational forces and the policies of external powers as they impinge on the area.

POSC 153. Soviet Foreign Policy in Transition. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 020 or any Soviet history/politics course or consent of instructor. Surveys postwar Soviet foreign policy with emphasis on recent changes in relations between the U.S. and Eastern Europe and the newly independent states which formerly comprised the USSR. Utilizes various international relations theories and concepts to help students understand these significant changes.

POSC 154. The Government and Politics of the European Community. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Examines the formation of the European Community, its institutional structure, its policy-making processes, and its new role in Europe. Explores its success in the face of Western Europe's persistent nationalism.

POSC 155. Government and Politics in Western Europe. (4)

Lecture, three hours. The comparative study of contemporary government and politics in Western Europe with special attention to the influence of economic, cultural, and other factors upon their formation. Comparative analysis of parties, bureaucracy, legislatures, and executives and of the way in which they reflect and contribute to the political life of the European peoples.

POSC 156. Jewish Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, one hour; term paper, two hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 010 or POSC 010H or POSC 015 or consent of instructor. Examines how a tiny and oppressed diaspora survived through the millennia. Addresses the Jewish question in a worldwide, historical perspective by comparing Jewish politics in biblical times with those today in Europe, the United States, and the Middle East.

POSC 156H. Honors Jewish Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper and oral presentation, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing with minimum GPA of 3.50, POSC 010 or POSC 010H or POSC 015; or consent of instructor. Honors course corresponding to POSC 156H. Examines how a tiny and oppressed diaspora survived through the millennia. Addresses the Jewish question in a worldwide, historical perspective by comparing Jewish politics in biblical times with those today in Europe, the United States, and in the Middle East.

POSC 157. Modern Dictatorships. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, two hours; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Considers how dictatorships from such countries as Germany, Cambodia, Chile, Argentina, and Iraq came to power; how they abused that power; what contributed to their successes; and why some met with defeat.

POSC 158. Politics of Mexico. (4)

Lecture, three hours; extra reading, two hours; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A survey of contemporary Mexican politics. Emphasis is on recent economic and social changes and their impact on Mexico's political system. Topics include relations with the United States, the rise of drug trafficking in Mexico, and the recent emergence of opposition politics.

POSC 160A. Globalization and Underdevelopment. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Critical evaluation of issues and theories about underdevelopment and the prospects for development within the context of globalization. Examines areas of continuity and change, resistance and conflict, and crises and solutions emerging in a post-World War II developing world increasingly connected to a single global economy.

POSC 160B. Political Economy: The Nation State and Capitalism. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): ECON 002. Focus on theoretical explanations of the political and economic transformations that took place in the world between 1400 and 1900. Particular attention to two interrelated questions: (1) "Why has the nation state become the dominant form of political organization in the twentieth century?" and (2) "Why has capitalism become the dominant form of economic organization in the twentieth century?"

POSC 161. The Politics of Brazil. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. The theory and practice of Brazilian politics with emphasis on institutional and class forces. Attention to major ideas and events: unequal development, traditional and revolutionary politics, nationalism, the state and authoritarianism, the agrarian transition, mass mobilization, democracy, populism, and elections.

POSC 162. Latin America: The Quest for Development and Democracy. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A comparative examination of central issues in and components of Latin American political life, including economic development, regimes and alliances, guerrilla wars, the armed forces, human rights, and democratic consolidation. Countries studied include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, and Cuba.

POSC 163. Latin America and International Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper, one hour; extra reading, two hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An examination of international and inter-American relations and problems as they affect Latin American nations and situations. Particular attention is given to the impact of the international system on Latin America.

POSC 165A. Political Protest and Social Movements. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): POSC 015 or 020 or consent of instructor. Using a variety of interviewing, library, and research strategies, students explore the major social movements of groups such as blacks, women, Hispanics, Asians, Jews, gays and lesbians, and environmentalists. Emphasis is on social movements in contemporary America.

POSC 165B. Political Violence and Social Revolution. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): POSC 015 or 020 or consent of instructor. Exploration of the causes and consequences of the major revolutions (English, French, American, Russian, Chinese, Eastern European) set in historical and comparative context. Students also study the revolutionary potential of contemporary states.

POSC 166. Judicial Politics and Policy-Making. (4)

Lecture, three hours. An examination of the characteristics of judicial bodies, emphasizing their interaction with other policy-makers and social and political problems. Investigates the policy roles of local, state and lower federal courts as well as of the U.S. Supreme Court.

POSC 167. Constitutional Law: Fundamental Freedoms. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; individual study, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. A study of the legal and political context in the U.S. of freedom of expression, the press, and religion; separation of church and state; equal rights for women and minorities; voting rights; and citizenship.

POSC 168. Constitutional Law: Criminal Justice. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An examination of the rights of criminal defendants; the role of lawyers, police, prosecutors, and judges in the criminal process in the U.S.; the function of the criminal law.

POSC 170. Local Leadership in California. (4)

Lecture, three hours; consultation, one hour. A survey of the local leadership structure-official and unofficial-in California. An analysis of who decides and influences local policy decisions.

POSC 171. American State Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours. A critical examination of the activities, structure, and function of the states in the American political system. Concern is with the politics and major policy issues of the 50 states, with a special interest in California.

POSC 172. Urban Politics and Policies. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper and extra readings, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; POSC 010 or POSC 010H. A general analysis of urban politics in the United States. Topics include theories of urban politics, structure of political competition, leading political roles, and major policy problems. Cross- listed with URST 172.

POSC 173. Government and Politics of California. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An examination of the political process of California with particular attention paid to both electoral and legislative politics and the contribution they make to the issue of democratic governance under conditions of social diversity.

POSC 174. The Political Agenda and the Women's Movement. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An examination of the women's movement as a social movement. The issues that the movement has placed on the political agenda and its impact on social change and public policy will be emphasized.

POSC 175H. Introduction to the Honors Thesis. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Familiarizes students with the procedures and techniques, from theory construction to data collection and analysis, needed to design and conduct original research for an honors thesis. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.

POSC 176H. Seminar on Writing the Honors Thesis. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 175H; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Provides guidance for students writing an honors thesis in political science. Topics include bibliographic research, fieldwork, statistics, case study analysis, professional writing, and standards of academic scholarship. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available.

POSC 177H. Honors Thesis. (1-4)

Thesis, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 175H; POSC 176H; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Independent research and preparation of an honors thesis completed under the supervision of a faculty member. Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC) grading is not available. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 12 units.

POSC 179. Urban Planning: Politics, Theory, and Law. (4)

Lecture, three hours; term paper and extra readings, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; POSC 010. Introduces planning as a governing process. Topics include the intellectual, historical, and legal origins of planning by government, especially in urban contexts. Also discusses political considerations such as responsibility and accountability, democratic access, and conflict resolution.

POSC 181. Public Policy: Values, Conflict, and Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; individual study, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and POSC 010. Methods and approaches used to describe, explain, and evaluate public policies are introduced and assessed. Group theories, system approaches, program planning, and budgeting systems are examples of methods and approaches covered.

POSC 182. Politics and Economic Policy. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Examines the political and administrative processes of economic policy formation, the rationale of government programs, and the mixture of facts, values, and social forces that determine policy. Emphasizes issues of government-economy interaction emerging under the impact of modern technology. Cross-listed with BSAD 182.

POSC 183. Administrative Politics and Theory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, one hour; extra reading, one hour; term paper, one hour. Prerequisite(s): POSC 010 or POSC 010H; upper-division standing or consent of instructor. An introduction to the politics and theory of public administration. Topics include decision-making processes, leadership, formal and informal organization, and the interrelationships among values, structures, and behavior patterns.

POSC 185. Public Budgeting. (4)

Lecture, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division status or consent of instructor. An introduction to state and local budgeting, both revenues and expenditures, with an emphasis on the political, institutional and economic factors in public budgeting.

POSC 186. Regulation: A Political Perspective. (4)

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Examines government regulation from a political perspective, covering both traditional areas of business regulation and the newer social regulation in areas of environment, health and safety, and personal behavior. Rationales for and against regulation are evaluated, in theory and through case studies. Cross-listed with BSAD 186.

POSC 190. Special Studies. (1-5)

Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor and department chairman. To be taken with the consent of the chair, on the basis of a written proposal endorsed by a supervising instructor, as a means of meeting individual curricular needs.

POSC 196A-POSC 196B. Moot Court: Legal Research, Writing, and Advocacy. (2-2)

Seminar, two hours. Prerequisite(s): senior standing; 3.40 GPA; POSC 167 or POSC 168. A two-quarter introduction to legal materials and methods of research. Second quarter students are assigned by teams to prepare and present arguments in response to a hypothetical legal problem. A grade notation of "In Progress" is given after the 196A segment; a letter grade is given after the 196B segment.

POSC 197. Research for Undergraduates. (1-4)

Research, one to four hours. Offers opportunity for directed individual research, to result in a substantial paper, when a student wishes to do a deeper study of a topic than is possible in the normal term paper.

POSC 198G. Field Work in Political Science. (4)

Tutorial, hours to be announced; assignments, eight hours. Direct evaluation of the local political process through participant observation, combining academic instruction and supervised field work. Students will examine firsthand political behavior and the policy process in one location in local political systems. May be repeated once for credit.

POSC 198-I. Individual Internship in Political Science. (1-12)

Internship, two to twenty-four hours; reading and writing, one to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Intern assignments in major political offices. Students will work as participants and be responsible as observers for theoretical as well as substantive analyses of political behavior and the policy process. May be repeated for up to 16 units.

POSC 199. Senior Research. (1-4)

Outside research, three to twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing and consent of instructor. Independent work under the direction of members of the staff. The project may be undertaken as a one-, two-, or three-quarter sequence. In the case of a two- or three-quarter sequence, the final grade may be deferred until completion of the last quarter. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 12 units.

POSC 201. Introduction to Political Inquiry. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Introduction to the logic of political inquiry. Problems of theory-building, research design, case selection, and measurement are covered in the context of quantitative and qualitative political research.

POSC 202A-POSC 202B. Survey of Quantitative Methods. (4-4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 201 or approval of department graduate committee. 202A: Introduction to statistical analysis. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, sampling distributions, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, correlation and bivariate regression analysis. 202B: Data analysis for political science applications. Topics include Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSSX), regression analysis, causal modeling, factor analysis, and cluster analysis in research design context.

POSC 203. Social Science, History, and Qualitative Methodology. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Introduction to the basic epistemology of qualitative social science. Provides students with a working knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the historical and comparative case study approaches to social science.

POSC 204. Mathematical Modeling in Political Science. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Survey of basic mathematical tools relevant to research in political science and other disciplines of the social sciences, with an emphasis on concepts and applications. Topics include sets, matrix algebra, comparative-static analysis, optimization problems, exponential and logarithmic functions, equality constraints in optimization, and integration.

POSC 205. Advanced Regression Analysis. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 202B. Introduction to the use of advanced techniques in regression analysis. Topics include model specification, measures of goodness of fit, two-stage least squares, and models with binary dependent variables.

POSC 207. Advanced Quantitative Analysis. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): MATH 005, POSC 202B; or consent of instructor. Introduction to the use of advanced techniques in quantitative analysis. Topics include maximum likelihood, sample selection bias, simultaneous equations.

POSC 209. Introduction to Formal Theory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Introduces the student to formal theory in political science. Topics covered include utility theory, normal and extensive form games, equilibrium concepts, incomplete information games, public goods, social choice, spatial voting models, and the role of institutions.

POSC 212. Political Theory. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Survey of general issues in political theory. Figures covered may include Plato, Montesquieu, Weber, Arendt, Rawls, Foucault, and others. Debates may include hermeneutics and normativity vs. science; power vs. truth; democracy vs. liberalism.

POSC 216. International Relations. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Historical development and present range of political thought on relations among nations, origins and implications of the idea of sovereignty, the theory of an international community, theories of imperialism. The analysis of selected contemporary problems--bipolarity, emergent nations, alliance systems in the light of recent contributions to international relations theory.

POSC 217. Comparative Politics. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Survey and introduction to comparative politics with emphasis on major ideas, trends, and issues in the field. Critical assessment of the literature on systems, political culture, development and underdevelopment, and elites.

POSC 250. Seminar in Politics and the Legal Order. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Intensive reading and research on selected topics in politics and the legal order, such as law and social change, compliance with judicial decision making, and important areas of constitutional law.

POSC 251. Seminar in Urban Analysis and Issues. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. An examination of selected topics bearing on urban phenomena. Topics include theoretical approaches to urban politics, reform issues, specific policy concerns, and sources of conflict in urban settings.

POSC 252. Public Policy. (4)

Seminar, three hours; individual study, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Explores approaches to public policy analysis, emphasizing interaction between substance and process in policy development. Covers both theories and concrete case studies; special attention given to the administration stage of policy development.

POSC 253. Constitutional Law. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Designed to acquaint students with the issues and questions that structure debate in the constitutional arena. Students read and analyze court opinions dealing with such topics as doctrines of access to the courts, intergovernmental relations, and civil rights and liberties.

POSC 254. Seminar on the U.S. Congress. (4)

Seminar, three hours. An examination of major research on the U.S. Congress. Emphasis will be placed upon substantive questions requiring further research and upon methodological techniques appropriate to such research.

POSC 255. Seminar in American Electoral Behavior. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Explores the literature on electoral behavior in the United States. Focuses on the major models of voting behavior developed since 1945. In addition, issues such as voter turnout, economic voting, and presidential primaries are covered.

POSC 256. Seminar in Public Opinion and Mass Media. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Explores classic and contemporary research on public opinion and mass media. Topics in public opinion include political socialization, attitude constraint, and theories of attitude change. Topics in mass media include agenda setting and framing effects.

POSC 257. Comparative Political Behavior and Elections. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examines issues in the theoretical literature on voting studies by using examples mainly from outside the U.S.

POSC 258. Congressional Elections. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Congressional elections is a growing field of inquiry in American electoral politics. Much scholarly debate has been generated over a variety of phenomena in this area. This seminar provides an overview of a number of these controversies and offers students the conceptual framework to critically analyze a rather large body of literature.

POSC 259. Women and the American Political Process. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. An examination of the role of women in the American political process. Topics include the women's movement as a social movement and as an interest group, women as voters, candidates and office holders, and women's issues and the public policy process.

POSC 260. Economics and Elections. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examines the impact of issues and economic conditions on voting behavior in elections, with primary focus on United States presidential elections. The roles of campaigns and information are also covered.

POSC 261. American Political Institutions. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Surveys the principal theoretical and empirical issues involved in the study of American political institutions. Covers the major U.S. national political institutions, including Congress, the presidency, the judiciary, the bureaucracy, interest groups, and political parties.

POSC 262. War Termination and Conflict Resolution. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Considers competing explanations of why and when conflicts come to an end. Focuses on international and civil wars. Addresses questions such as the following: Why do civil wars last longer than international ones: Why are civil wars difficult to settle through negotiation? What impact does domestic politics have on international war termination?

POSC 263. Seminar on Conflict and Peace. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Considers some of the principal problems, issues, and findings in the study of the causes and consequences of war. Focuses on a number of key variables and their links to war under certain conditions and introduces students to standard data sources.

POSC 264. Seminar in International Political Economy. (4)

Seminar, three hours; consultation, one hour. Examination of major economic institutions, developments, and forces in world politics, with emphasis on contending theoretical approaches, issues in North-South relations, and consequences for regional and national political-economic development.

POSC 265. Seminar in American Foreign Policy. (4)

Seminar, three hours; consultation, one hour. Reading and research in selected topics that concern the making of foreign policy and the roles of force and diplomacy.

POSC 266. Political Economy of Growth. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): POSC 202A-POSC 202B or consent of instructor. Examination of political and economic aspects of growth using a formal and quantitative approach. Topics include political institutions, social development, economic growth, and democratization. Emphasis is on the interaction and causality between political and economic variables.

POSC 270. Comparative Analysis. (4)

Lecture, three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. A critical examination of the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of comparative research. Detailed analysis of leading works and trends in the field. Discussion of relevant strategies of research.

POSC 271. Comparative Political Economics. (4)

Seminar, three hours; research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Past attempts to address such questions as "What part does government play in the economy?" have been made within the disciplinary boundaries of political science or economics. Such questions, however, cut across the domains of economics and political science, and the new political economy attempts to integrate theories and insights from both disciplines. This course will examine this literature to see how successful it has been in explaining important aspects of the interrelationship between politicians and the economy.

POSC 272. Parties and Party Systems in Western Europe. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examines some of the literature on parties and party systems in Western Europe, with special attention to the role of such systems in modern representative democracies and to debates in the literature on this topic.

POSC 273. Rational Choice in Comparative Politics. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. The rational choice approach has begun to gain favor among a number of comparativists working on a variety of questions. This seminar critically reviews and discusses the contribution the rational choice perspective has made as well as the debates it has sparked.

POSC 274. The Armed Forces and Politics. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examines the role of the armed forces in political society, covering western-democratic, communist, postcommunist, and third world systems. Comparisons of civil-military relations across regions are made, with an emphasis on military political intervention and civilian control strategies.

POSC 275. Protest and Revolution. (4)

Lecture, three hours; outside research. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the major theoretical and empirical studies of political protest and social revolution. Explores rationalist, culturalist, and structuralist theories, and quantitative and qualitative methodologies.

POSC 278. Seminar in Latin American Politics. (4)

Seminar, three hours. Critical examination of fundamental issues of Latin American politics with attention to varying interpretations and approaches to the study of elites and masses, power and class conflict, development and underdevelopment.

POSC 280. Seminar in Political Theory. (4)

Seminar, two or three hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. A detailed study at an advanced level of political theories and concepts, and the writings of the major theorists, confined to some selected era or limited to some selected major theme.

POSC 281. Seminar in the History of Political Thought. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Advanced study of the methodology and practice of research in the history of political thought.

POSC 284 (E-Z). Special Topics. (4)

Seminar, three hours; outside research, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. Covers a single topic not contained in a regular course. Announcement of each topic is made at the time of offering.

POSC 285. Professional Research Paper. (4)

Outside research, twelve hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing or consent of instructor. An independent study course focusing on writing a substantial research paper, emphasizing research design problems. Must be accomplished within two quarters following doctoral qualifying examinations. If completed in one quarter, a grade will be assigned for 4 units. If two quarters are necessary, course will be graded In Progress (IP) until both terms are completed when the final grade will be assigned for eight units. Course is repeatable to a maximum of 8 units.

POSC 290. Directed Studies. (1-6)

Variable hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Advanced work in a topic or topics appropriate to the student's special interests and needs. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

POSC 291. Individual Study in Coordinated Areas. (1-12)

Variable hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. A program of study designed to advise and assist candidates who are preparing for doctoral examinations. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated up to a total of 16 units. Does not count toward the unit requirement for the master's degree.

POSC 292. Concurrent Analytical Studies. (2-4)

Research, eight to sixteen hours. Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor. Each 292 course will be taken concurrently with some 100-series course, but on an individual basis. It will be devoted to completion of a graduate paper based on research or criticism related to the 100-series course. Faculty guidance and evaluation will be provided throughout the quarter. POSC 114, POSC 142 (E-Z), POSC 185, BSAD 186/POSC 186, and POSC 190 through POSC 199 may not be used for this course arrangement. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). May be repeated for credit.

POSC 293. Research Topics in Political Science. (1)

Lecture, two hours. Lectures and discussions by invited scholars and faculty on selected research topics in political science. Three units required for Master's level students and 4 units required of doctoral level students. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC).

POSC 297. Directed Research. (1-6)

Outside research, three to eighteen hours. Individual research performed under the direction of a faculty advisor. Designed for students preparing their dissertation prospectuses. Students meet in groups by appointment with a faculty advisor to discuss issues of dissertation writing. Emphasis is placed on the development of research design. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable to a maximum of 18 units.

POSC 299. Research for Thesis or Dissertation. (1-12)

Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

Seminar, one hour; practicum, three hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing in Political Science. A program of weekly meetings and individual formative evaluation required of new Political Science Teaching Assistants. Covers instructional methods and classroom/section activities most suitable for teaching Political Science. Conducted by departmental faculty or the Teaching Assistant Development Program. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.

POSC 302. College Teaching Practicum. (1-4)

Practicum, two to eight hours; consultation, one to four hours. Prerequisite(s): graduate standing and consent of instructor. Required of all teaching assistants in the department. Credit not applicable to graduate unit requirements. Supervised teaching in college level classes under the supervision of the course instructor. Graded Satisfactory (S) or No Credit (NC). Course is repeatable.